ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ರಶಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆಯು ಐಪಿಎನಲ್ಲಿ (International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)) ಹೇಗೆ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಿಸಲ್ಪಡುತ್ತದೆಂದು ತೋರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.
ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗೆ ರಶಿಯನ್ ಧ್ವನಿವಿಜ್ಞಾನವನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ.
IPA |
ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳು |
IPA |
ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳು[೧] |
ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಸಮಾನಗಳು
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ವ್ಯಂಜನಗಳು
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b
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бок; небо
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bʲ
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белый; воробей
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boot; beautiful
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d
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дом; деда
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dʲ
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делает; Владимир
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do; dew (for some dialects)
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f
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фата; выставка;[೨] Чехов;[೩] шурф
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fʲ
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фея; червь[೩]
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fool; few
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ɡ
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говорю; другой
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ɡʲ
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гербарий; ноги
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goo; argue
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ɣ
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Господь, Господи;[೪] interj. ага, ого[೪]
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|
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j
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есть; юла; я; толстый [೫]
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yes, boy
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k
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кость; книга; рука; бок
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kʲ
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кишки; короткий
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cool; cute
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l
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луна; стула ; ствол[೬]
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lʲ
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лес; колено; мысль
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pill; least
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m
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мыло; думать; там
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mʲ
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мясо; доме
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moot; mute
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n
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нос; он
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nʲ
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нёс; они; корень
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noon; newt (for some dialects)
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p
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пыль; стопа; скрип; зуб[೩]
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pʲ
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пепел; зыбь[೩]
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pool; pew
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r
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рыба; широкий; орла; жир
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rʲ
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река; четыре; три; зверь
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trilled r, like in Spanish
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s
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собака; писать; нос; глаз[೩]
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sʲ
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синий; здесь; есть; грызть[೨]
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soup; super (for some dialects)
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ʂ
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широкий; наш; хороший; муж;[೩] что
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ɕɕ
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щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать [೭]
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shop; fresh cheese, fish show
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t
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тот; читаю; водка;[೨] лёд[೩]
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tʲ
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тереть; дитя; грудь[೩]
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tool; tune (for some dialects)
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t͡s
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цель; птица; отец
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t͡ɕ
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чай; печень; течь
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tsunami, cats; chip
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v
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ваш; давать; его[೮]
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vʲ
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вести; человек
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voodoo; view
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x
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ходить; ухо; Бог[೪]
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xʲ
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хина; лёгкий[೨][೪]
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bach; huge (for some dialects).</ref>
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z
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заезжать; язык
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zʲ
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зелёный; озеро; просьба;[೨]
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zoo; azure (for some dialects)
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ʐ
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жест; тяжёлый
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ʑʑ
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дрожжи; заезжать[೯]
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rouge; asia
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IPA
|
ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳು
|
ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಸಮಾನಗಳು
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ಒತ್ತಿಹೇಳುವ ಸ್ವರಗಳು
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a
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трава́
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ton
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æ
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пять
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pat
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ɑ
|
па́лка [೧೦]
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palm
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e
|
пень
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pay
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ɛ
|
жест
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met
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i
|
си́него
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meet
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ɨ
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ты
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roses (for some dialects)
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o
|
о́блако
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chore
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ɵ
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тётя
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audio
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u
|
пу́ля
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moon
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ʉ
|
чуть
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choose
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ಒತ್ತಡವಿಲ್ಲದ ಸ್ವರಗಳು
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ɐ
|
паро́м; сообража́ть; стопа́
|
bud
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ə
|
ко́жа; ше́я; облако
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about
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ɪ
|
тяжёлый; эта́п; четы́ре
|
bit
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ɨ
|
дыша́ть; жена́; го́ды
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dinner
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ʉ
|
юти́ться
|
youth
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ʊ
|
мужчи́на
|
put
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ರಷಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷಾಂತರದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಪಯೋಗಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವ ಇತರ ಚಿನ್ಹೆಗಳು
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IPA |
Explanation
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ˈ
|
Stress (placed before the stressed syllable), for example этап [ɪˈtap]
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- ↑ Russian makes contrasts between palatalized ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, ‹ ʲ› , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the y sound in yes. /j/, /ɕɕ/, /tɕ/, /ʑʑ/ are also considered "soft".
- ↑ ೨.೦ ೨.೧ ೨.೨ ೨.೩ ೨.೪ In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence (Halle 1959:31)
- ↑ ೩.೦ ೩.೧ ೩.೨ ೩.೩ ೩.೪ ೩.೫ ೩.೬ ೩.೭ Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent (Halle 1959:22).
- ↑ ೪.೦ ೪.೧ ೪.೨ ೪.೩ In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections, ‹г› and ‹к› represent [ɣ] and [x], respectively. When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited (a form of dissimilation) before plosives in some words.
- ↑ The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.
- ↑ /l/ is often strongly pharyngealized but this feature is nondistinctive (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996:187-188).
- ↑ While some speakers pronounce words with <щ> as [ɕɕ] and some as [ɕtɕ], none contrast the two pronunciations, even in words where this sound is spelled with other letters.
- ↑ Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes
- ↑ The phoneme /ʑʑ/ is in many dialects is replaced with /ʐ/.
- ↑ [ɑ] appears between a hard consonant (or a pause) and /l/