ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Cite book

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Citation Style 1 templates

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}	AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}	CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}	SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also	Specific-source templates Wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for books. When citing an article in a periodical, use {{cite journal}}. For edited collections, use {{cite encyclopedia}}.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

To cite a book with a credited author {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn= |author-link= }} To cite a book with no credited author {{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |date= |isbn=}} To cite an online book that has been archived {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |dead-url= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archive-url= |archive-date=}} To cite a book written in a foreign language {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn=}} To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language book re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription {{cite book |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |dead-url= |format= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |subscription= |quote= }}

Full parameter set in horizontal format

{{cite book |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |last-author-amp= |date= |year= |orig-year= |chapter= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |chapter-url= |chapter-format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |dead-url= |format= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |page= |pages= |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |registration= |subscription= |lay-summary= |lay-source= |lay-date= |quote= |name-list-format= |mode= |postscript= |ref= }}

Full parameter set in vertical format

Parameters	Prerequisites	Brief instructions / notes	Vertical list
last1		may also use "last"; for additional authors, "last2", "last3", etc.	{{cite book |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2= |first2= |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |date= |year= |orig-year= |chapter= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |chapter-url= |chapter-format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor1-mask= |display-editors= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |dead-url= |format= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |page= |pages= |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |registration= |subscription= |lay-summary= |lay-source= |lay-date= |quote= |name-list-format= |mode= |postscript= |ref= }}
first1	last or last1	may also use "first"; for additional authors, "first2", "first3", etc.
author-link1	last or last1	may also use "author-link"
author-mask1	last or last1	may also use "author-mask"
last2	last1
first2	last2
display-authors	last or last1
last-author-amp	last or last1
date
year
orig-year	year or date
chapter		do not wikilink "chapter" if "chapterurl" is provided
script-chapter
trans-chapter	chapter or script-chapter
chapter-url	chapter or script-chapter
chapter-format	chapter-url
editor1-last		may also use "editor-last"
editor1-first	editor1-last	may also use 'editor-first"
editor1-link	editor1-last	may also use "editor-link"
editor1-mask	editor1-last
display-editors
title
script-title
trans-title	title or script-title
url	title or script-title
dead-url
format	url
type
series
language
volume
issue
others
edition
location	publisher
publisher
publication-date
page		choose one: "page", "pages", or "at"
pages		choose one: "page", "pages", or "at". Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text.
at		choose one: "page", "pages", or "at"
nopp	page or pages	set nopp to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers
arxiv
asin
bibcode
doi
doi-broken-date	doi
isbn		always include ISBN, if one has been assigned
issn
jfm
jstor
lccn
mr
oclc
ol
osti
pmc
pmid
rfc
ssrn
zbl
id
archive-url	archive-date, url
archive-date	archive-url
access-date	url
via
registration
subscription
lay-summary
lay-source	lay-summary
lay-date	lay-summary
quote
name-list-format		vanc to emulate Vancouver style
mode		cs1 or cs2
postscript
ref
If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Examples

Title

• {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book}}

  Mysterious Book.

Title and year

• {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book |date=1901}}

  Mysterious Book. 1901.

Basic usage (single author)

• {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |authorlink=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}

  Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs.

Basic usage (two authors)

• {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |authorlink1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Bloggs |first2=Fred |authorlink2=Fred Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}

  Bloggs, Joe; Bloggs, Fred (1974). Book of Bloggs.

Basic usage with url (and access-date) and edition

• {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |authorlink=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs |edition=1st |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}}

  Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs (1st ed.). Retrieved February 17, 2006.

Citing a chapter in a book with different authors for different chapters and an editor

• {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Fred |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=January 1, 2001 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family |isbn=978-1-234-56789-7}}

  Bloggs, Fred (January 1, 2001). "Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family". In Doe, John (ed.). Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-1-234-56789-7.

Citing a chapter in a book with two joint authors and an editor

• {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |last2=Egg |first2=Fred |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=January 1, 2001 |orig-year=1st pub. 1986 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 6: Getting There |chapterurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |isbn=978-1-234-56789-7 |lastauthoramp=y}}

  Bloggs, Joe; Egg, Fred (January 1, 2001) [1st pub. 1986]. "Chapter 6: Getting There". In Doe, John (ed.). Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-1-234-56789-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)

Three authors, title with a piped wikilink, edition

• {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |authorlink1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Smith |first2=John |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |title=[[A Thousand Acres|1000 Acres]] |edition=2nd}}

  Bloggs, Joe; Smith, John; Smythe, Jim. 1000 Acres (2nd ed.).

Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (without volume and lastauthoramp)

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=Commander G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2007 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3}}

  Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Stitt, Commander G.M.S.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2007) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (with volume and lastauthoramp)

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=Commander G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East |volume=Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2007 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |lastauthoramp=y}}

  Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Stitt, Commander G.M.S.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2007) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)

Date without day, wikilinked title and publisher, pages, edition, location

• {{cite book |last1=Cordell |first1=Bruce R. |last2=Grubb |first2=Jeff |last3=Noonan |first3=David |date=September 2001 |title=[[Manual of the Planes]] |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Wizards of the Coast]] |location=Renton, Washington |isbn=0-7869-1850-0 |pages=134–137}}

  Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001). Manual of the Planes (3rd ed.). Renton, Washington: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 134–137. ISBN 0-7869-1850-0.

Other language

• {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Jean |date=1974 |title=Livre de Bloggs |edition=1st |language=French |trans-title=Book of Bloggs |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}}

  Bloggs, Jean (1974). Livre de Bloggs [Book of Bloggs] (in French) (1st ed.). Retrieved February 17, 2006.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Using a DOI

• {{cite book |last=Mumford |first=David |authorlink=David Mumford |date=1999 |title=The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |doi=10.1007/b62130 |isbn=354063293X}}

  Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X.

Using author-mask parameter

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=Commander G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |lastauthoramp=y}}

  Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Stitt, Commander G.M.S.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=Captain F.C. (R.N.) |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-66-1 |lastauthoramp=y |author-mask=2}}

  ——; Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-66-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=Captain F.C. (R.N.) |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Gleave |first4=Group Captain T.P. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=Sir James |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-67-X |lastauthoramp=y |author-mask=2}}

  ——; Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, Sir James (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-67-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)

Using display-authors parameter

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=Commander G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |display-authors=1}}

  Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; et al. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

• parent
• OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
  • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

• use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.

• |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
• |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
• |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
• |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
• |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
• |series=, |version=
• |volume=, |issue=, |number=
• |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
• |edition=
• |publisher=, |institution=
• |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
• |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
• |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
• |degree=
• |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

Deprecated

Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters

Deprecated parameter	Replace with	Date
|lay-date=	if the source named by these parameters is important to the Wikipedia article, create a cs1|2 template for that source with all of the appropriate bibliographic information	2021-01-03
|lay-format=
|lay-source=
|lay-url=
|transcripturl=	|transcript-url=	2022-01-22

Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters

Removed parameter	Replace with	Date
|authorfirst=	|author-first=	October 2020
|authorfirstn=	|author-firstn=
|authornfirst=	|authorn-first=
|authorgiven=	|author-given=
|authorgivenn=	|author-givenn=
|authorngiven=	|authorn-given=
|authorlast=	|author-last=
|authorlastn=	|author-lastn=
|authornlast=	|authorn-last=
|authormask=	|author-mask=	January 2021
|authormaskn=	|author-maskn=	January 2021
|authornmask=	|authorn-mask=	January 2021
|authorsurname=	|author-surname=	October 2020
|authorsurnamen=	|author-surnamen=
|authornsurname=	|authorn-surname=
|booktitle=	|book-title=	May 2021
|chapterurl=	|chapter-url=	May 2021
|conferenceurl=	|conference-url=	April 2021
|contributionurl=	|contribution-url=	April 2021
|deadurl=yes	|url-status=dead	September 2019
|dead-url=yes
|displayauthors=	|display-authors=	January 2021
|displayeditors=	|display-editors=	October 2020
|doi-broken=	|doi-broken-date=
|doi-inactive-date=	|doi-broken-date=
|editorfirst=	|editor-first=
|editorfirstn=	|editor-firstn=
|editornfirst=	|editorn-first=
|editorgiven=	|editor-given=
|editorgivenn=	|editor-givenn=
|editorngiven=	|editorn-given=
|editorlast=	|editor-last=
|editorlastn=	|editor-lastn=
|editornlast=	|editorn-last=
|editorlink=	|editor-link=	January 2021
|editorlinkn=	|editor-linkn=	January 2021
|editornlink=	|editorn-link=	January 2021
|editors=	|editor= (one editor) or |editorn= (more than one editor) or |veditors= (for Vancouver style editors). Consider splitting |editorn= into |editor-firstn= and |editor-lastn=, if possible. Consider |editor-maskn=, if annotation is required.	January 2021
|editorsurname=	|editor-surname=	October 2020
|editorsurnamen=	|editor-surnamen=
|editornsurname=	|editorn-surname=
|editormask=	|editor-mask=
|editormaskn=	|editor-maskn=
|editornmask=	|editorn-mask=
|embargo=	|pmc-embargo-date=
|episodelink=	|episode-link=	May 2021
|event-format=	(delete)	January 2021
|eventurl=	(delete)
|event-url=	(delete)
|ignoreisbnerror=	|isbn=((<isbn>))	October 2020
|ignore-isbn-error=	|isbn=((<isbn>))	January 2021
|interviewerlink=	|interviewer-link=	October 2020
|interviewerlinkn=	|interviewer-linkn=
|interviewernlink=	|interviewern-link=
|interviewermask=	|interviewer-mask=
|interviewermaskn=	|interviewer-maskn=
|interviewernmask=	|interviewern-mask=
|last-author-amp=	|name-list-style=amp	January 2021
|lastauthoramp=	|name-list-style=amp
|laydate=	|lay-date=	April 2021
|laysource=	|lay-source=
|layurl=	|lay-url=
|mailinglist=	|mailing-list=	May 2021
|mapurl=	|map-url=
|name-list-format=	|name-list-style=	April 2021
|nocat=	|no-tracking=	January 2021
|no-cat=	|no-tracking=	October 2020
|nopp=	|no-pp=	May 2021
|notracking=	|no-tracking=	October 2020
|publicationdate=	|publication-date=	May 2021
|publicationplace=	|publication-place=
|registration=	|url-access=registration	January 2020
|sectionurl=	|section-url=	April 2021
|serieslink=	|series-link=	May 2021
|seriesno=	|series-no=	April 2021
|seriesnumber=	|series-number=	January 2021
|series-separator=	(delete)	October 2020
|subjectlink=	|subject-link=	January 2021
|subjectlinkn=	|subject-linkn=
|subjectnlink=	|subjectn-link=
|subscription=	|url-access=subscription	January 2020
|timecaption=	|time-caption=	April 2021
|titlelink=	|title-link=	April 2021
|transcripturl=	|transcript-url= restored January 2022 as deprecated	May 2021

Description

Authors

• last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
  • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
  • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with MOS:JRSR and use honorifics only in accordance with MOS:HON.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
  • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
  • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
• vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:

  |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal

  • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
• authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
• contributor-last: (book cites only) surname of the author of contribution (which is required). Aliases: contributor-surname, contributor1, contributor1-last, contributor-last1.
  • contributor-first: Given or first names of contributor. Do not wikilink—use contributor-link instead. Aliases: contributor-given, contributor1-first, contributor-first1.
  • OR: for multiple contributors, use contributor-last1, contributor-first1 through contributor-lastn, contributor-firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of contributors (each contributor-firstn requires a corresponding contributor-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: contributor1-last, contributor1-first through contributorn-last, contributorn-first, or contributor1 through contributorn.
  • contributor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the contributor—not the contributor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: contributor-link1, contributor1-link.
  • OR: for multiple contributors, use contributor-link1 through contributor-linkn. Aliases: contributor1-link through contributorn-link.
• translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
  • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
  • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
• collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
• others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
• Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

• title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
  • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]	|
space	[	]	{{!}} (preferred)
	{{bracket|text}}		| or {{pipe}} – see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe

• title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.

• type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.

• chapter: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may use chapter-url, but not both. Displays in quotes.
  • script-chapter: Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-chapter: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after the chapter field; if chapter-url is defined, then trans-chapter is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

• language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

Date

• date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.^[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.

The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.

Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.

• year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
  1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
  2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
• orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
• df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:

  dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;

  mdy – as above for month day, year format

  ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

  dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;

  mdy-all – as above for month day, year format

  ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

Publisher

• publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
• place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
• publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
• publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If date (or year) is also defined and is different, then publication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following publisher. If date (or year) is not defined, publication-date is displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
• via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the access level parameters to display access restrictions.

Edition, series, volume

• edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

• series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted.

• volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

In-source locations

• page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p.
• OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes.
  Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1–3-15. Alias: pp.
  • no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
• OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
  Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
• For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here.

URL

• url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
  • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
  • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine) and archive.today (see Help:Using archive.today); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
    • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
    • url-status: the |url-status= parameter should only be included if an |archive-url= is set (dead links without an archive URL can be marked with {{dead link}}). If |url-status= is omitted, or is specified with a null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.
      If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set |url-status=deviated. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required).
    • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=
  • url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
• format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

Character	space	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	|	}
Encoding	%20	%22	%27	%3C	%3E	%5B	%5D	%7B	%7C	%7D

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Chapter URL

• chapter-url: URL of an individual chapter of online source. Should be at the same site as url, if any. If chapter-url is used, url should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site. chapter may be wikilinked or chapter-url used, but not both. Aliases: chapterurl, contribution-url, section-url.
• chapter-format: Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

Anchor

• ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's ‎<cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

• id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

• arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.
• asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.
  • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ae, au, br, ca, cn, de, es, fr, in, it, jp, mx, nl, pl, sa, se, sg, tr, uk. Aliases: none.
• bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
• biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
• citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
• doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
• eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL.
• isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.
• issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM.
• jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.
• lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN.
• mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR.
• oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC.
• ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL.
• osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI.
• pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMC.
  • pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
• pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMID.
• rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC.
• sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN.
• s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID.
• zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL.

In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Quote

• quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
  • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
• quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
• OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

Editors

• editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
  • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
  • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=....
  • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
  • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
• veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:

  |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal

  • editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above
• Display:

  Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.

  If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.

  If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Laysummary

These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.

• lay-url: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
  • lay-source: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
  • lay-date: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
  • lay-format: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to by lay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

Display options

• mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
• author-mask:
• contributor-mask:
• editor-mask:
• interviewer-mask:
• subject-mask:
• translator-mask:

  Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, ‎<references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.

• display-authors:
• display-contributors:
• display-editors:
• display-interviewers:
• display-subjects:
• display-translators:

  Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors (and all authors). |display-authors=0 and |display-editors=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.

• postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

Subscription or registration required

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles.

Four access levels can be used:

• access indicator for named identifiers:
  • free: the source is free to read for anyone
• access indicators for url-holding parameters:
  • registration: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
  • limited: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this source
  • subscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall")

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

Access indicators for url-holding parameters

Online sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free.

URL-holding and access-indicator parameters

URL	Access	Allowed keywords
|url=	|url-access=	registration limited subscription
|article-url=	|article-url-access=
|chapter-url=	|chapter-url-access=
|contribution-url=	|contribution-url-access=
|entry-url=	|entry-url-access=
|map-url=	|map-url-access=
|section-url=	|section-url-access=

For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

{{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}

which renders as:

"Nifty example data". 2021-04-15.

Access indicator for named identifiers

Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription.

Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters

Identifier	Access	Allowed keywords
|bibcode=	|bibcode-access=	free
|doi=	|doi-access=
|hdl=	|hdl-access=
|jstor=	|jstor-access=
|ol=	|ol-access=
|osti=	|osti-access=
|s2cid=	|s2cid-access=

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

• |arxiv=
• |biorxiv=
• |citeseerx=
• |pmc=
• |rfc=
• |ssrn=

For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools; click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template.

TemplateData for Cite book

This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.

[Edit template data]

Template parameters

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

ಪರಿಮಿತಿ		ವಿವರ	ನಮೂನೆ	ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ
URL	url URL	The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme "//..." Example https://www.nytimes.com/...	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Title	title	The title of the book; displays in italics	String	required
Title link	title-link titlelink episode-link episodelink	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name	last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	String	ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
First name	first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	String	ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Vancouver style author list	vauthors	If using Vancouver style, comma separated list of author names; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses Example Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name 2	last2 author2 surname2 author-last2 author2-last subject2	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name 2	first2 given2 author-first2 author2-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name 3	last3 author3 surname3 author-last3 author3-last subject3	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name 3	first3 given3 author-first3 author3-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name 4	last4 author4 surname4 author-last4 author4-last subject4	The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name 4	first4 given4 author-first4 author4-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name 5	last5 author5 surname5 author-last5 author5-last subject5	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name 5	first5 given5 author-first5 author5-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name 6	last6 author6 surname6 author-last6 author6-last subject6	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name 6	first6 given6 author-first6 author6-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name 7	last7 author7 surname7 author-last7 author7-last subject7	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name 7	first7 given7 author-first7 author7-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name 8	last8 author8 surname8 author-last8 author8-last subject8	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name 8	first8 given8 author-first8 author8-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name 9	last9 author9 surname9 author-last9 author9-last subject9	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name 9	first9 given9 author-first9 author9-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Collaboration	collaboration	Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors which list one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends 'et al.' to author name-list.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Date	date air-date airdate	Full date of the source; do not wikilink	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Work	work journal website newspaper magazine encyclopedia encyclopaedia dictionary mailinglist	Name of the work in which the cited book text is found	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Publisher	publisher distributor institution newsgroup	Name of the publisher; displays after title	String	ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Others	others	Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Year of publication	year	Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known	String	ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
ISBN	isbn ISBN13 isbn13 ISBN	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	String	ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Ignore ISBN Error	ignore-isbn-error	True if ISBN Errors should be ignored.If set, page will be added to a maintenance category "CS1 maint: Ignored ISBN errors".	Boolean	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Editor last name	editor-last editor editor-surname editor-last1 editor-surname1 editor1 editor1-last editor1-surname	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	Unknown	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Editor first name	editor-first editor-given editor-first1 editor-given1 editor1-first editor1-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	Unknown	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Link for editor	editor-link editorlink editor-link1 editor1-link editorlink1 editor1link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Editor mask	editor-mask editormask editormask1 editor1-mask editor-mask1 editor1mask	Replaces the name of the first editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Vancouver style editor list	veditors	Comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses Example Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Editors list	editors	Free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged	Unknown	deprecated
Edition	edition	When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Series identifier	series version	Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Volume	volume	For one publication published in several volumes	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Location of publication	location place	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place	String	ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Place of publication	publication-place publicationplace	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Publication date	publication-date publicationdate	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Page	page p	The number of a single page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Page(s) cited	pages pp	A range of pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both	String	ಸೂಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
No pp	nopp	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
At	at	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Language	language in	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator last name	translator-last translator translator-last1 translator1 translator1-last	The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator first name	translator-first translator1-first translator-first1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Script title	script-title	For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translated title	trans-title trans_title	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Chapter	chapter contribution entry article section	The chapter heading of the source; may be wikilinked or with 'chapterurl' but not both. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Script Chapter	script-chapter	Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script Example ja:東京タワー	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translated chapter	trans-chapter trans_chapter	An English language chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Type	type medium	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Format	format	Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
arXiv identifier	arxiv ARXIV eprint	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
arXiv Class	class	Cite arXiv identifiers	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
ASIN	asin ASIN	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
ASIN TLD	asin-tld	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Bibcode	bibcode	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
biorXiv	biorxiv	biorXiv identifier; 6 digits	Line	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
CiteSeerX	citeseerx	CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter	Line	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
DOI	doi DOI	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
EISSN	eissn EISSN	International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space. Example 2009-0048	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Handle System identifier	hdl HDL	Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
ISMN	ismn ISMN	International Standard Music Number; Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Example 979-0-9016791-7-7	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
ISSN	issn ISSN	International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
jfm code	jfm	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
JSTOR	jstor JSTOR	JSTOR identifier	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
LCCN	lccn LCCN	Library of Congress Control Number	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
MR	mr MR	Mathematical Reviews identifier	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
OCLC	oclc OCLC	Online Computer Library Center number	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
OL	ol OL	Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" at beginning of identifier	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
OSTI	osti OSTI	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
PMC	pmc	PubMed Center article number	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
PMID	pmid PMID	PubMed Unique Identifier	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
RFC	rfc	Request for Comments number	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
SSRN	ssrn	Social Science Research Network	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Zbl	zbl	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
id	id ID	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Quote	quote quotation	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Ref	ref	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Name list format	name-list-format	Accepts the single keyword 'vanc' to emulate Vancouver Style author / editor name-lists.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Mode	mode	Sets separator and terminal punctuation to the style named in the assigned value; allowable values are: 'cs1' or 'cs2'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Postscript	postscript	The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none' ಮೂಲಸ್ಥಿತಿ .	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Registration	registration	For online sources that require registration, set to 'yes' (or 'y', or 'true'); superseded by subscription if both are set	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Subscription	subscription	For online sources that require subscription, set to 'yes' (or 'y', or 'true'); supersedes registration if both are set	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author mask	author-mask authormask authormask1 author1-mask author-mask1 author1mask	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author mask 2	author-mask2 authormask2 author2-mask author2mask	Replaces the name of the second author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author mask 3	author-mask3 authormask3 author3-mask author3mask	Replaces the name of the third author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author mask 4	author-mask4 authormask4 author4-mask author4mask	Replaces the name of the fourth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author mask 5	author-mask5 authormask5 author5-mask author5mask	Replaces the name of the fifth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author mask 6	author-mask6 authormask6 author6-mask author6mask	Replaces the name of the sixth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author mask 7	author-mask7 authormask7 author7-mask author7mask	Replaces the name of the seventh author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author mask 8	author-mask8 authormask8 author8-mask author8mask	Replaces the name of the eighth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author mask 9	author-mask9 authormask9 author9-mask author9mask	Replaces the name of the ninth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Display authors	display-authors displayauthors	number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used	ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author link	author-link authorlink subjectlink subject-link authorlink1 author-link1 author1-link subjectlink1 author1link subject-link1 subject1-link subject1link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author link 2	author-link2 authorlink2 author2-link subjectlink2 author2link subject-link2 subject2-link subject2link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author link 3	author-link3 authorlink3 author3-link subjectlink3 author3link subject-link3 subject3-link subject3link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author link 4	author-link4 authorlink4 author4-link subjectlink4 author4link subject-link4 subject4-link subject4link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author link 5	author-link5 authorlink5 author5-link subjectlink5 author5link subject-link5 subject5-link subject5link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author link 6	author-link6 authorlink6 author6-link subjectlink6 author6link subject-link6 subject6-link subject6link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author link 7	author-link7 authorlink7 author7-link subjectlink7 author7link subject-link7 subject7-link subject7link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author link 8	author-link8 authorlink8 author8-link subjectlink8 author8link subject-link8 subject8-link subject8link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Author link 9	author-link9 authorlink9 author9-link subjectlink9 author9link subject-link9 subject9-link subject9link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
URL access date	access-date accessdate	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Original year	orig-year origyear	Original year of publication; provide specifics	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name of second editor	editor-last2 editor-surname2 editor2 editor2-last editor2-surname	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name of second editor	editor-first2 editor-given2 editor2-first editor2-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Link for second editor	editor-link2 editor2-link editorlink2 editor2link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Mask for second editor	editor-mask2 editormask2 editor2-mask editor2mask	Replaces the name of the second editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name of third editor	editor-last3 editor-surname3 editor3 editor3-last editor3-surname	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name of third editor	editor-first3 editor-given3 editor3-first editor3-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Link for third editor	editor-link3 editor3-link editorlink3 editor3link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Mask for third editor	editor-mask3 editormask3 editor3-mask editor3mask	Replaces the name of the third editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name of fourth editor	editor-last4 editor-surname4 editor4 editor4-last editor4-surname	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name of fourth editor	editor-first4 editor-given4 editor4-first editor4-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Link for fourth editor	editor-link4 editor4-link editorlink4 editor4link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Mask for fourth editor	editor-mask4 editormask4 editor4-mask editor4mask	Replaces the name of the fourth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name of fifth editor	editor-last5 editor-surname5 editor5 editor5-last editor5-surname	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name of fifth editor	editor-first5 editor-given5 editor5-first editor5-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Link for fifth editor	editor-link5 editor5-link editorlink5 editor5link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Mask for fifth editor	editor-mask5 editormask5 editor5-mask editor5mask	Replaces the name of the fifth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name of sixth editor	editor-last6 editor-surname6 editor6 editor6-last editor6-surname	The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name of sixth editor	editor-first6 editor-given6 editor6-first editor6-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Link for sixth editor	editor-link6 editor6-link editorlink6 editor6link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Mask for sixth editor	editor-mask6 editormask6 editor6-mask editor6mask	Replaces the name of the sixth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name of seventh editor	editor-last7 editor-surname7 editor7 editor7-last editor7-surname	The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name of seventh editor	editor-first7 editor-given7 editor7-first editor7-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Link for seventh editor	editor-link7 editor7-link editorlink7 editor7link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Mask for seventh editor	editor-mask7 editormask7 editor7-mask editor7mask	Replaces the name of the seventh editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name of eighth editor	editor-last8 editor-surname8 editor8 editor8-last editor8-surname	The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name of eighth editor	editor-first8 editor-given8 editor8-first editor8-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Link for eighth editor	editor-link8 editor8-link editorlink8 editor8link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Mask for eighth editor	editor-mask8 editormask8 editor8-mask editor8mask	Replaces the name of the eighth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last name of ninth editor	editor-last9 editor-surname9 editor9 editor9-last editor9-surname	The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
First name of ninth editor	editor-first9 editor-given9 editor9-first editor9-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Link for ninth editor	editor-link9 editor9-link editorlink9 editor9link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Mask for ninth editor	editor-mask9 editormask9 editor9-mask editor9mask	Replaces the name of the ninth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Display Editors	display-editors displayeditors	Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator last name 2	translator-last2 translator2 translator2-last	The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator first name 2	translator-first2 translator2-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator last name 3	translator-last3 translator3 translator3-last	The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator first name 3	translator-first3 translator3-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator last name 4	translator-last4 translator4 translator4-last	The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator first name 4	translator-first4 translator4-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator last name 5	translator-last5 translator5 translator5-last	The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator first name 5	translator-first5 translator5-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator last name 6	translator-last6 translator6 translator6-last	The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator first name 6	translator-first6 translator6-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator last name 7	translator-last7 translator7 translator7-last	The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator first name 7	translator-first7 translator7-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator last name 8	translator-last8 translator8 translator8-last	The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator first name 8	translator-first8 translator8-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator last name 9	translator-last9 translator9 translator9-last	The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator first name 9	translator-first9 translator9-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator link	translator-link translator-link1 translator1-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator link 2	translator-link2 translator2-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator link 3	translator-link3 translator3-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator link 4	translator-link4 translator4-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator link 5	translator-link5 translator5-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator link 6	translator-link6 translator6-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator link 7	translator-link7 translator7-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator link 8	translator-link8 translator8-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Translator link 9	translator-link9 translator9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator.	ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Chapter URL	chapter-url chapterurl contribution-url section-url contributionurl sectionurl	The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Format of Chapter URL	chapter-format contribution-format section-format	Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Example PDF, DOC, or XLS	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
DOI broken date	doi-broken-date doi_brokendate	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
URL access level	url-access	Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Archive URL	archive-url archiveurl	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Archive Format	archive-format	Format of the Archive	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Archive date	archive-date archivedate	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Dead URL	dead-url deadurl	If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Lay URL	lay-url lay-summary laysummary layurl	URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Lay source	lay-source laysource	Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Lay date	lay-date laydate	Date of the summary; displays in parentheses	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Last author ampersand	last-author-amp lastauthoramp	When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
via	via	Aggregate or database provider, when different from the Publisher. Typically used for Ebooks. Example Open Edition, JSTOR	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Bibcode access level	bibcode-access	If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
DOI access level	doi-access	If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
HDL access level	hdl-access	If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Jstor access level	jstor-access	If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
OpenLibrary access level	ol-access	If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
OSTI access level	osti-access	If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Issue	issue number	Issue number. This parameter is not supported by and should generally not be used with cite book. Consider that a different cite template may be more appropriate, such as cite magazine or cite journal. See Help:Citation_Style_1#Pages.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Coauthor	coauthor	Coauthor	String	deprecated
Coauthors	coauthors	Coauthors	String	deprecated
Authors list	authors people host credits	List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
City of Publication	city	Where published	String	deprecated
Agency	agency	Unusual in cite book. Use if an agency is needed in addition to publisher, etc.	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Department	department	Unusual in cite book.	Unknown	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ
Date format	df	Sets rendered dates to the specified format	String	ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ

See also

• Reftag, tool for translating Google Books permalinks into Wikipedia references

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.

The above documentation is transcluded from ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Cite book/doc. (edit | history)
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (create) pages.
Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.

TemplateData